Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects one in every 10 to 15 women and is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism and irregular periods, with or without radiologic evidence of ovarian cysts. Although traditionally seen as a reproductive concern, PCOS is now also recognized as a metabolic disorder.

Symptoms and effects of PCOS include menstrual cycle abnormalities, acne, low libido, sexual problems, male-pattern hair loss, facial hair growth, weight gain, obesity, pregnancy complications, high cholesterol, elevated insulin levels, high blood pressure, abdominal fat deposition and infertility. About 70 percent of PCOS patients have elevated testosterone levels. Associated conditions may include depression, anxiety, arthritis, skin tags, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, thyroid disease and vaginal infections.

Excess androgen levels, such as testosterone, contribute to fat deposition in the abdomen and higher insulin levels. Additionally, excess cholesterol and sugar can increase androgen production, worsening symptoms like oily skin, unwanted hair growth and acne.

Elevated androgen levels in PCOS patients can also affect the production of female hormones like progesterone and estrogen, leading to irregular or absent menstruation. Some literature suggests that PCOS may be considered an autoimmune disease due to low progesterone overstimulating the immune system. Stress can also stimulate the release of androgens from the adrenal glands, further increasing testosterone levels.

Treatment options include lifestyle changes, relaxation exercises, nutritional interventions, gut repair, herbal supplements and sometimes prescription medications. PCOS patients are encouraged to consume natural fibers, healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids, green leafy and root vegetables, and probiotic-rich foods. Limiting alcohol, refined carbohydrates, simple sugars and food triggers is important for promoting anti-inflammatory benefits and proper insulin control in the ovaries. 

Understanding the underlying mechanisms of PCOS and working with trained healthcare providers is essential for managing the disorder, particularly for those attempting to conceive.

Dr. Mary Regan is a certified functional medicine practitioner and primary care provider. She is the founder and current president of Functional Health of Lancaster, a woman-owned private practice. Regan has been a PCP for more than 15 years and has dedicated her career to preventive and personalized health care, with a special interest in women’s health. She is also formally trained in bioidentical hormone therapy for women and is certified in infertility through the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine. Connect at FH-Lancaster.com.